I mean the lift on standard wedges.
I figure that its mostly a matter of rise compared to run for the wedge effect multiplied by the force of the swinging ax/ maul/ hammer. The wedge dimensions are easy to calculate, but whenever I try to measure the force of the swinging ax, I keep breaking the bathroom scale. I don't know how many scales I have gone through in trying to measure this force.
Another factor will be the distance from the wedge to the hinge.
I figure that there is some stored energy in compressed wood fiber trying to rebound, which makes using multiple wedges more effective than only pounding in one, but I could be wrong about this. Intuitively, though, it seems to make sense.
For the odd tree, the jack is a good thing. We use our double-ram Silvey at Parks, time to time, but generally rely on wedges. So much more packable, and lighter. I can fit four wedges in my two back pockets, easily, but we use an external backpack frame with a custom added shelf for carrying the jack. Probably around 50-75 pounds, versus a couple pounds. You still need the wedges with a jack, too.