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:lol:

All the I.S.A. manuals teach this. They're called "kerf cuts", 2 shallow cuts on the sides of the tree , a few inches below each side of the hinge. These prevent sapwood fiber tearing down to the climber's tie in, lanyard or rigging when doing aerial removals.

Yes that's why conifers have such a strong hinge..........very strong sapwood. Those fibre pulls can stay on either the stump or the butt of the tree.

No problem Murph, got nothing in that manual on hingewood but I have a pile of other manuals and timberfaller books to go from. Just think about what I last said about the hingewood in a codominant tree. I gotta run , 1/2 day of work then off with the family and camper for the weekend.

Thanks Chris I try my best:) Here's the scans I promised from my "Tree Dynamics, Worker Safety & Risk Assessment" manual. Pretty good reading.

Let me add this to my last post. When you fall a codominant tree that has grown into a single stem, at ground level. What's gonna happen? Yes most cases one half of the tree will fall sideways before the other hits the ground. On a codominant tree there is only sapwood on the outside of the...

Now we're talking 2 different things here: I was a faller for a large forestry company for over 20 yrs starting at age 16, I understand sapwood and heartwood strength in hingewood. No matter soft or hardwood when you see those 2 tallest pulled fibers on each edge of the stump that's sapwood...

I don't understand what your trying to say Mr Beaver.............

Just a little Shigo information I put out there , to maybe help a treeworker better understand trees before he puts the saw in the backcut.:)

I hope this helps you Justin. Another good trick to understand the physics of a tree falling is a demonstration of the dynamics of the 90 degree to lay guying technique. Take a 2'X2' piece of plywood with a hole drilled in the middle ,big enough hole to hold the butt of a 2' long limb in place...

I wish I could have videoed the countless DED American elm I have felled. Upon starting out with a thick hinge I could whittle the back of the hinge and slowly under control lower the tree to the ground......even stop the tree at mid fall arc.

In a live tree we all know heartwood is dormant, the sapwood is the living "strength " of hingewood. When a tree is dead whether moist like DED elm or dry [below 20% moisture content] then the sapwood can be now dormant just like heartwood in a living tree. But until we can decide what specie...

We have to remember this thread is centered on felling a dead dormant fiber tree. If I was going to give advice to the masses out there, I would say make a level backcut in a backleaner so the unlucky one out there won't overcut the hinge with a stepped backcut on the backleaner. I've done it...

Shaun, I see you have some dead trees to fell, some with backlean? What species are they? More importantly you have to look at the side lean too. The sidelean to lay ratio depending how great is your biggest factor to get that dead tree to the ground safely. I think your 45-50% facecut depth...

Dead DED American elm has one of the strongest if not strongest hingewood out there in North America..............